1. Illegal
downloading and file sharing (in the form of MP3) became a big problem for the
music industry because it was decreasing record sales. In 2001, the U.S.
Supreme Court ruled in favor of the music industry and against Napster,
declaring free music file-swapping illegal and in violation of music copyrights
held by recording labels and artists. Even after this, the music industry’s
elimination of illegal file-sharing was not complete, as decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) systems still enabled online free music file-sharing. The record
industry continued to fight back with thousands of lawsuits, many of them
successful. Many P2P services were shut down, and other business opened
modeling after iTunes.
2. The
cultural storm called rock and roll hit in the mid-1950s. Early rock and roll
was considered the first “internationalist music,” merging the black sounds of rhythm
and blues, gospel, and Robert Johnson’s screeching blues guitar with the white
influences of country, folk, and pop vocals. If influenced both media
industries by social, cultural, economic, and political factors.
3. Still,
to this day pop music remains powerful. By 2012, iTunes offered more than twenty-eight
million songs, and the top artists were leading pop acts! Shows like American Idol and Glee have introduced some genuine stars and brought back older
hits. With iTunes as the biggest single seller of recorded music and the single
being the dominant unit of music, songs were sold ten times as much as albums.
The dominance of singles reemerged pop.
4. From
the 1950s through the 1980s, the music industry consisted of a large number of
competing and independent labels. Over time, the major labels began swallowing
up the independents and then buying one another. Now, only three major
corporations will remain: Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, and
Warner Music Group. Together these companies make up nearly 90% of the
recording industry market in the United States. The other percent is
independent corporations.
5. I
think the internet as a technology absolutely helps musical artists. That is
how many artists get discovered! Given the fact that less people listen to the
actual radio now a days than before, they need another way to get themselves
and their songs to be known. Many contemporary musicians differ in their
opinions about the internet because while some may thrive off it, others may be
brought down by it, financially and socially.
6. The
development of the telegraph was very important in media history by being the precursor
of radio technology. It works as a system that sends electrical impulses from a
transmitter through a cable to a reception point. Lines ran up coast to coast,
capable of transmitting about six words per minute! The telegraph made it possible
for the radio to evolve.
7. Unlike
print media, broadcasting came to be federally regulated. One of the reasons of
this was due to addressing the problem of amateur radio operators increasingly
cramming the airwaves. Because radio waves crossed state and national borders,
legislators determined they were “natural resources”, and could not be owned,
but were collective property of all Americans. This lead to transmitting on
radio waves would require licensing in the same way that driving a car requires
a license.
8. The
current ownership rules governing American radio were put in place to bring
order to chaos with the Radio Act of 1927. This stated an extremely important principle
– licenses did not own their channels but could only license them as long as
they operated to serve the “public interest, convince, or necessity.” To
oversee licenses and negotiate channel problems, the 1927 act created the
federal radio commission (FCC) whose members were appointed by the president.
9. Unlike
usual, the government encouraged monopoly or ownership of radio broadcasting,
throughout the history of radio. The radio may have actually modernized America
by de-emphasizing the local and the regional in favor of national programs
broadcast to nearly everyone.
No comments:
Post a Comment